How does the distribution system control work?

To ensure reliable and efficient operation of the distribution network, centralised control systems are used to monitor, control and optimise the network in real time. The SCADA system, which collects and analyses data from all parts of the distribution system, is an essential tool.

What does the SCADA system provide?
• Data collection – The system continuously monitors the current status of the power grid, recording parameters of voltage, currents and other variables.
• Remote control – Allows controllers to remotely control various elements of the power grid, speeding up response to failures.• Graphical visualisation – Controllers can clearly see power facilities and their interconnections.
• Incident reporting – Every failure, incident or change in the grid is automatically reported for future analysis.
• Operation optimisation – The SCADA system enables electricity transmissions to be managed so as to minimise losses and increase distribution efficiency.

How does the SCADA system work?
The system creates a digital twin of the distribution network that provides a detailed, real-time view of all facilities. This system not only enables controllers to react to current incidents, but also to analyse historical data and plan maintenance or network development.

Why is SCADA important?
SCADA is a key element for the safe and efficient management of the power grid. Thanks to SCADA, we can quickly detect and eliminate failures, optimise the use of renewable resources and ensure a stable supply of electricity, even with increasing demand.

^{Secondary digital substations connect the medium and low voltage and provide real-time data on electricity flows (Image source: Tobias Lindner)}

The secondary digital substation (SDS) is a modernised version of the traditional transformer substation. SDS are key elements of the Smart Grid. They facilitate the smart, real-time control of electricity distribution and communication between different parts of the grid.

What is it used for?
A secondary digital substation is used as a power “distribution centre”. This substation transforms medium-voltage current into the low-voltage current that is needed in households and businesses. SDS make this “distribution centre” smarter and more efficient.

Secondary Digital Substation and its functions
• Continuous monitoring: SDS constantly monitor the flow of electricity through the network. They collect and analyse data about the flow of electricity in the grid. As a result, controllers in the control room have a continuous overview of the status of the network and are able to react quickly to any problems.
• Fast failure identification: Advanced sensors and diagnostic tools provide immediate detection of problems such as short circuits or network failures. These features accelerate repairs and reduce the time of power outages.
• Remote control and maintenance: SDS systems allow operators to make adjustments and troubleshoot problems remotely, without requiring any physical intervention. This reduces downtime and maintenance costs.
• Enhanced efficiency: Smart load management helps reduce network congestion and minimise energy losses. SDS also collect and analyse network data to identify patterns and improve operational efficiency.
• Integration of renewable energy sources: SDS play a key role in connecting renewable energy sources, such as solar power plants and wind farms, to the grid. They enable the efficient and stable transmission of power from these sources to our homes.

Benefits for both the network and the consumer
Secondary digital substations contribute to a stable, sustainable and cost-effective power supply. They provide consumers with a reliable power supply with an increasing share of renewables. In the future, SDS will help us make better use of photovoltaic panels, batteries and electric vehicles.

Main objectives of the Gabreta Smart Grids project

1. Integration into the European energy market
The Gabreta project interconnects the Czech Republic’s grid with Germany (Bavaria) and therefore brings several advantages. The interconnection reduces the risk of power outages for households and businesses and improves the stability of power supply. The project uses modern technology to manage and monitor the power grid more efficiently, contributing to its greater flexibility and enabling better integration of renewable energy sources. Gabreta is an important step towards creating a single European energy market and promoting sustainable energy development, which will eventually benefit all consumers.

2. Decentralisation and decarbonisation
Gabreta will facilitate the connection of more renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind farms, to our grid. This will help us reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and improve our impact on the environment. Moreover, smart grids will help us make better use of these resources, no matter whether the sun is shining or the wind blowing.

3. Reducing transmission losses
We will reduce power transmission losses with smarter technologies and shorter power transmission paths. This means more energy will reach our consumers and less will be lost in transmission.

4. Enabling new customer solutions and a new market structure through digitalisation
Gabreta will enable the introduction of smart meters and systems for efficient energy management. Thanks to these systems, customers will have a better overview of their consumption and can optimise it more effectively, helping them to save on their costs. Smart grids will also increase the energy system’s flexibility and facilitate response to changes in energy production and consumption.

5. European energy independence
The EU relies heavily on energy sources from third countries, which makes it vulnerable in times of political instability. Integrating renewable energy sources through smart grids is crucial to achieving energy independence and reducing the impact of external events on Europe. Renewable energy is now a key element in ensuring a stable and independent energy supply.

6. Security and reliability of the distribution system operations
Smart devices and reliable communication technologies ensure a safer and more reliable operation of our grid. This will result in faster solutions to failures and a stable energy supply for everyone.